Infections causes by viruses are probably the most common
of any type of infection. Colds and flus are caused by
viruses. Depending on the type of virus, immunization may
be successful in preventing the infection. In other cases,
no prevention is realistically possible since the virus
continually mutates. A virus is defined as a
sub-microscopic agent that causes infection. It is unable
to reproduce or grow when outside the host cell space.
Scientists continue to argue whether the virus lives or
not. Viruses are attacked by the immune system of the host
unit. Antibiotics don't affect viruses, but viruses can be
prevented by inoculations of vaccines.
Arboviruses
Arboviruses are a shortened version of the name arthropod
borne viruses. These are carried by mosquitoes and are
typically transmitted to the bloodstream by biting. Many
of the viruses are not infectious to humans but others are
epidemic in nature and can be deadly. Examples of
arboviruses today include Dengue fever, West Nile virus,
Ross River virus, tick-borne encephalitis and equine
encephalitis. The best treatment for arboviruses is
prevention. Vector control to eliminate mosquito breeding
sites and insect repellents will help eliminate the
likelihood of getting bitten by the virus-carrying mosquito.
Herpes virus
Herpes virus comes in two main types, Herpes simplex virus
1 and Herpes simplex virus 2. Both are marked by watery
blisters on the mucous membranes of the mouth or genitals,
or on the skin. Herpes simplex virus 1 is usually found on
the face, specifically the lips and is commonly known as a
cold sore. Herpes simplex virus 2 is usually called
genital herpes. The two viruses are similar under a
microscope. The usual treatment for an outbreak of herpes
simplex is acylovir as an antiviral drug. Two recent
medication developments are Famciclovir and Valacyclovir.
These drugs are taken orally to control the visible lesions.
Hepatitis
A hepatitis infection comes from hepatitis virus in the
liver tissue. There are seven types of hepatitis, labeled
from Hepatitis A to Hepatitis G. Hepatitis A is usual
caused from ingestion of contaminated food and has only the
acute stage. Hepatitis B is found as a result of
contaminated blood, tattoos, sexual contact and breast
feeding. It has both a chronic stage and an acute stage.
Hepatitis C is a virus spread by blood to blood contact
with an infected person's blood and results in scarring of
the liver as well as liver cancer. Hepatitis D propagates
only in the presence of Hepatitis B and results in a more
severe symptom set. Incidence of liver failure is at a
higher rate with Hepatitis D. Hepatitis E is similar to
Hepatitis A and is found mostly on the Indian subcontinent.
Hepatitis F is not yet verified as a separate virus.
Hepatitis G is confirmed although its exact role in viral
incidence is not positively delineated.
Vaccine-preventable virus
Viruses which can be prevented by inoculations with small
amounts of the virus are known as vaccine preventable
viruses. The body builds up antibodies which fight off
potential invasions by viruses in the future. These ten
significant childhood diseases can all be prevented by
inoculations: Chickenpox, tetanus, whooping cough, polio,
rubeola, mumps, rubella, diphtheria, hepatitis B, and
Haemophilus influenzae type B infections.
Sexually transmitted virus
The most common sexually transmitted viruses in the United
States are human papilloma viruses (HPV). Up to twenty
million Americans are currently infected with the virus and
it is estimated that 75% of adults have had genital HPV
during their reproductive years. Genital warts are just one
of the types of viruses transmitted by direct skin to skin
sexual contact. These warts may have a positive correlation
with the incidence of cervical cancer.
Diseases caused by viral infections
Viruses enter bloodstream and are carried from there to the
brain. Diseases caused by viral infections are typically
grouped into two categories: Chronic infections and acute
infections. Viral diseases of the acute category usually
begin quickly, while chronic viral diseases develop more
slowly and are often found to progress to the point of
death. Common acute viral infections cause diseases such as
encephalitis, aseptic meningitis, encephalomyelitis, and
flaccid paralysis. Chronic viral infections lead to
diseases such as subacute-sclerosing panencephalitis,
retrovirus disease and spongiform encephalopathies.
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